Medicine
Alfred Atlinkson
Abstract
To evaluate the work of the left ventricular muscle, aortic and mitral valves or open coronary arteries. This method is used to assess the patient's condition before and after heart surgery. In both left and right heart catheterization methods, there is a possibility of allergic reaction to the contrast ...
Read More
To evaluate the work of the left ventricular muscle, aortic and mitral valves or open coronary arteries. This method is used to assess the patient's condition before and after heart surgery. In both left and right heart catheterization methods, there is a possibility of allergic reaction to the contrast agent in the form of nausea, vomiting, flushing, burning sensation, numbness, hives and itchy skin. Anaphylactic shock rarely occurs, so after the use of osmotic diuretics and hydration of the patient helps to expel the contrast agent faster. The patient should fast for 8-12 hours. Tell the client to lie on a firm bed for about 2 hours, give a sedative usually diazepam (5 to 10 mg) and diphenhydramine (25 to 50 mg), and stop taking anticoagulants such as warfarin 48 hours before. Work or only patient PT is 18 seconds. Explanation to the patient There is a strong desire to cough (catheterization of the heart) when the contrast agent is injected. Sudden onset of urination and urination, which resolves within a few minutes. Control vital signs of having an open and suitable vessel, measuring height and weight to calculate the appropriate amount of medication. Explain to the patient that he or she will sometimes feel a throbbing sensation in the chest. This palpitation is due to the extrasystoles that appear, especially when the tip of the catheter hits the ventricular wall. The patient is asked to cough or take deep breaths, especially after the contrast agent is injected. Coughing may interrupt the dysrhythmia and also help the contrast material to pass through the arteries.
Medicine
Alfred Atlinkson
Abstract
It is a surgical procedure in which blood vessels from another part of the body are blocked into an artery, thereby removing the blocked flow path and opening a bypass in the area of the coronary occlusion, and blood flowing down the stenosis with this graft again. Is established. That is why it is called ...
Read More
It is a surgical procedure in which blood vessels from another part of the body are blocked into an artery, thereby removing the blocked flow path and opening a bypass in the area of the coronary occlusion, and blood flowing down the stenosis with this graft again. Is established. That is why it is called a bypass link. Several factors are involved in performing CABG. The number of coronary arteries involved, the degree of failure with left ventricular dysfunction, the presence of other health problems, the patient's symptoms, and the history of treatment. Patients who have drug-resistant unstable angina, chronic stable angina with acute complications that disrupt the patient's life, patients who have positive exercise test and radioisotope scan in addition to angina, patients who have obvious narrowing of the main coronary artery They have the left. Patients with all three major coronary arteries involved. The lower saphenous vein of the knee is mostly used because it is similar in diameter to the coronary arteries and is removed through a longitudinal incision in the inner surface of the leg and thigh and separating its branches. The vein is then examined for sclerosis.
Medicine
Alfred Atlinkson
Abstract
When a coronary artery narrows or closes, the area of the heart through which the artery is lubricated becomes ischemic and damaged, and a heart attack may occur. Oxygen is directly related to heart activity. The more active the heart, the greater the need for oxygen, and the coronary artery blood flow ...
Read More
When a coronary artery narrows or closes, the area of the heart through which the artery is lubricated becomes ischemic and damaged, and a heart attack may occur. Oxygen is directly related to heart activity. The more active the heart, the greater the need for oxygen, and the coronary artery blood flow is adjusted according to the heart muscle's need for oxygen. The heart muscle consumes about 65% of the oxygen in the coronary artery, while other tissues in the body consume a maximum of 25% of the oxygen in the blood of the coronary artery. Also, unlike other tissues in the body, 75% of the heart muscle blood is supplied at rest by diastole of the heart. The coronary arteries are responsible for supplying blood to the heart muscle. The right and left coronary arteries branch from the aorta just above the aortic valve, then enter the heart and supply blood to the capillaries of the heart muscle. The two grooves meet at the posterior region of the heart in a place called the CRUX, where the AV group is located. If the RCA supplies blood to the cortex, these people are called the dominant right. The descending RCA branch intoxicates the left posterior muscle. Approximately 18% of people with CCA and RCA donate blood to the heart crocus, in which case it is called a balanced arterial pattern.
Covid
Alfred Atlinkson
Abstract
The EKG electrocardiogram should be taken within 10 minutes of the patient's pain reporting on arrival at the emergency department. With the help of this device, the location and causes of MI solutions can be identified and followed up. Early signs of EKG in acute MI are due to ischemia and myocardial ...
Read More
The EKG electrocardiogram should be taken within 10 minutes of the patient's pain reporting on arrival at the emergency department. With the help of this device, the location and causes of MI solutions can be identified and followed up. Early signs of EKG in acute MI are due to ischemia and myocardial injury. Myocardial revolarization is altered and causes a delay and reversal of the T wave, and the ischemic zone may remain repolarized until the myocardium returns to rest. Myocardial injury causes changes in the ST segment. Damaged cells naturally depolarize, but depolarize faster than normal cells. This causes the ST segment to rise at least 1 mm above the isoelectric line (the beginning of the P wave is used as a source for the isoelectric line). Myocardial injury causes an increase in the ST segment and long symmetrical T waves. The affected area will become a necrotic area if blood flow continues to decrease. ST segment changes return to baseline within a few days to 2 weeks. When ST elevation is greater than 1 mm (at least in 2 of 14 leads), MI Cute is considered. It causes the wave to be reversed to the region due to a change in repolarization, but in acute ischemia the T wave becomes long and sharp, and after this stage the flat is finally reversed. The big wave and symmetry are created within 24 hours. Reversed within 1 to 3 days with a final 1 to 2 weeks, T-wave reversal may persist for several months. Inverse T The deeper, more symmetrical, the more severe the ischemia.
